each share may cast as many votes as there are vacancies to be filled. To determine the number of votes to which a shareholder is entitled, multiply the number of shares owned by the number of directors to be elected. The total may be divided among the candidate in any manner that the shareholder desires. CA: every shareholder is entitled to vote cumulatively at any election of directors so long as: candidate names placed in nomination prior to voting sharehoder has given notice at the prior meeting of intent to cumulative vote (if any shareholder gave notice, all shareholders may vote cumulatively) EXCEPTION: shareholders may vote to eliminate cumulative voting in publicly listed corporations